2. The biggest difference between veins and arteries is that arteries take blood away from the heart, while veins bring blood to the heart. Veins have valves that prevent back-flow of blood. The veins also have thinner walls. Arteries have thick, muscular walls.
3. The auricles are like a balloon attached to the atria. They fill up with blood also, increasing the holding capacity of the atria.
4. The external structure gets narrower as we go down the heart. The atria are wider than the ventricles. This gives the appearance of the upside down triangle sort of shape.
7. The chordae tendinae prevent the valve from reopening in response to the pressure lowering in the atrium during ventricular systole. The pressure in the atria becomes much lower, and because things naturally go from high to low concentration, the chordae tendinae and papillary muscles prevent this from happening.
8. The valve is a whitish color, different in texture from the endocardium lining of the chambers. This valve is bigger than the semilunar valves and the tricuspid valve.
9. Semilunar valves prevent back-flow from arteries back into the ventricles during ventricular diastole, and they also maintain the pressure in the arteries so they can effectively push the blood where it needs to go.
10. a) Blood can become backed up in other parts of the body if there is valve disease, causing swelling. If the blood can't get pumped back into the heart, it becomes stuck. b) Left side valve disease can cause tricuspid regurgitation.
11. The chordae tendinae of the bicuspid valve are super stringy, pulled taut with probe causes valve to be open. You can see through the aorta, or where the aortic arch would be.
12. The right side of the heart receives oxygen deprived blood and sends it to the lungs for reoxygenation. Conversely, the left side of the heart receives the oxygen rich blood from the lungs and sends it to the rest of the body through the left ventricle.
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